Biochemical Test of Streptococcus agalactiae

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Basic Characteristics Properties (Streptococcus agalactiae) CAMP Positive (+ve) Capsule Positive (+ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) Flagella Non-flagellated Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Beta Hemolysis Motility Non-motile OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) Facultative anaerobes Oxidase Negative (-ve) PYR Negative (-ve) Shape Cocci Spore Non-sporing Urease Negative (-ve) VP (Voges Proskauer) Variable Fermentation of Adonitol Negative (-ve) Arabinose … Read more

Biochemical Test of Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Characteristics Basic Characteristics Properties (Streptococcus pneumoniae) Bile Solubility Positive (+ve) Catalase Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Positive (+ve) Hemolysis Alfa Hemolysis Motility Non-motile OF (Oxidative-Fermentative) Facultative anaerobes Oxidase Negative (-ve) Shape Diplococci Spore Non-sporing Urease Negative (-ve) VP (Voges Proskauer) Negative (-ve) Fermentation of Arabinose Positive (+ve) Arbutin Negative (-ve) Dulcitol Negative (-ve) Erythritol Positive (+ve) … Read more

Biochemical Test of Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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Basic Characteristics Properties (E. coli) Capsule Capsulated Catalase Positive (+ve) Citrate Negative (-ve) Coagulase Negative (-ve) Flagella Flagellated Gas Positive (+ve) Gelatin Hydrolysis Negative (-ve) Gram Staining Negative (-ve) Growth in KCN Negative (-ve) H2S Negative (-ve) Hemolysis Negative (-ve) Indole Positive (+ve) Motility Motile MR (Methyl Red) Positive (+ve) Nitrate Reduction Positive (+ve) OF … Read more

Formic Acid: Uses And Health Hazards

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What Is Formic Acid? Formic acid or methanoic acid is the simplest member of the carboxylic/alkanoic acid series. It occurs naturally in stinging nettle leaves and insect sings such as stingless bees, wasps, puss moth caterpillar and some ants. It can be synthetically in industries or laboratories through processes such as: hydrolyzing formamide, hydrogenation of … Read more

Uses, Chemical And Physical Properties of Halogens

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What Are Halogens? Halogen is a term that was derived from the Greek word ‘halo’ which means salt and ‘gen’ meaning producer. The term halogen therefore means salt producer. This is because they produce a wide range of salts when they react with metals. The name halogen was first proposed by a German chemist by … Read more

130 Laboratory Apparatus And Their Uses (With Pictures)

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A laboratory is a special room or place that is equipped to facilitate scientific experiments, observations and for teaching science. Laboratory apparatus refers to the various tools, equipment, and instruments used in scientific research, experimentation, and analysis within a laboratory setting. These tools are essential for conducting experiments, measuring and analyzing data, and ensuring the … Read more

Different Types Of Electrodes

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What Is An Electrode? The term electrode was derived from two Greek words; “electron” which means amber and “hodos” meaning a way. Electrode therefore, refers to an electricity conducting material that connects nonmetallic parts of a circuit such as electrolytes, air, semiconductors and a vacuum. It is simply the point where the current enters and … Read more

Five Different Types of Abiotic Factors

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Abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem that affect living organisms in terms of growth, maintenance, reproduction and distribution. They’re at times called abiotic components. Abiotic factors can be classified into five main types namely: climatic factors, topographical factors, edaphic factors, air and chemical elements. All these factors are discussed … Read more

Hands-on Experiments to Teach Kids about Chemical Reactions

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What are chemical reactions? Chemical reactions refer to a process in which one or more chemical substances are changed into one or more other chemical substances which have unique physical and chemical properties of their own. It is important to note that chemical reactions cause changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the substances … Read more