Hybridization of CH4 (Methane)

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Methane (CH4) is a simple organic molecule where one carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms. Understanding hybridization in methane helps in predicting its chemical behavior, reactivity, and its role in larger organic molecules where carbon might form different types of bonds through different hybridizations (like sp² in ethene or sp in ethyne). Here’s … Read more

Lewis Structure of Boron Trifluoride (BF3)

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Boron trifluoride (BF₃) has a trigonal planar molecular geometry. Boron trifluoride consists of a boron atom single-bonded to three evenly spaced fluorine atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. All three of its bonds are sigma bonds (overlapping orbitals of the two participating atoms). Here’s how to draw its Lewis structure: Since all formal charges are zero, … Read more

Hybridization of Boron Trifluoride (BF3)

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The hybridization of boron in boron trifluoride (BF₃) can be described as sp² hybridization. Understanding the sp² hybridization of boron in BF₃ helps explain not only the molecule’s shape but also its chemical behavior, particularly its tendency to act as an electron pair acceptor in various chemical reactions. Pre-Hybridization State of Boron Excitation and Hybridization … Read more

Hybridization of SO3 (Sulphur Trioxide)

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Sulfur Trioxide (SO₃) is a chemical compound with the formula SO₃. SO₃ has a trigonal planar geometry where sulfur is at the center bonded to three oxygen atoms. Each bond is considered to have some double bond character due to resonance, leading to all S-O bonds being equivalent. The concept of hybridization in SO₃, especially … Read more

Molecular Geometry of Boron Trifluoride (BF3)

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Boron trifluoride (BF₃) is an interesting molecule to study because of its molecular geometry, which can be well explained by Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. Boron trifluoride (BF3) has a trigonal planar molecular geometry. Here’s a breakdown of its structure: Boron trifluoride (BF3) consists of a boron atom that is single-bonded to three … Read more

CO2 Lewis Structure, Molecular Geometry and Hybridization

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Lewis structures – also called Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures – are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. CO2 CO2 Lewis Structure Steps to Draw Total Valence Electrons … Read more

Lassaigne’s Test – Test for Nitrogen, Sulphur, Halogens

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Lassaigne’s Test, also known as the sodium fusion test, is a qualitative analytical method used to detect the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens (chlorine, bromine, iodine) in an organic compound. In other words, Lassaigne’s Test is a chemical procedure where an organic compound is fused with metallic sodium. This fusion process converts the covalently … Read more

VSEPR Theory: Defination, Postulates, Importance & Limitations

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What is the VSEPR Theory? VSEPR Theory, which stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, is a model used in chemistry to predict the shapes of individual molecules based on the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. VSEPR Theory posits that the geometric arrangement of a molecule or a polyatomic ion’s electron … Read more

Alkali Metals: Definition, Properties & Compounds

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Alkali metals are defined as a group of elements in the periodic table that share similar properties, characterized by their highly reactive nature and tendency to lose their outermost electron to form a +1 cation. In other words, Alkali metals are elements that belong to Group 1(a) of the periodic table. Their name derives from the fact that … Read more