Boron trifluoride (BF₃) has a trigonal planar molecular geometry. Boron trifluoride consists of a boron atom single-bonded to three evenly spaced fluorine atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. All three of its bonds are sigma bonds (overlapping orbitals of the two participating atoms). Here’s how to draw its Lewis structure: Since all formal charges are zero, … Read more
The hybridization of boron in boron trifluoride (BF₃) can be described as sp² hybridization. Understanding the sp² hybridization of boron in BF₃ helps explain not only the molecule’s shape but also its chemical behavior, particularly its tendency to act as an electron pair acceptor in various chemical reactions. Pre-Hybridization State of Boron Excitation and Hybridization … Read more
Sulfur Trioxide (SO₃) is a chemical compound with the formula SO₃. SO₃ has a trigonal planar geometry where sulfur is at the center bonded to three oxygen atoms. Each bond is considered to have some double bond character due to resonance, leading to all S-O bonds being equivalent. The concept of hybridization in SO₃, especially … Read more
Lassaigne’s Test, also known as the sodium fusion test, is a qualitative analytical method used to detect the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens (chlorine, bromine, iodine) in an organic compound. In other words, Lassaigne’s Test is a chemical procedure where an organic compound is fused with metallic sodium. This fusion process converts the covalently … Read more
What is the VSEPR Theory? VSEPR Theory, which stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, is a model used in chemistry to predict the shapes of individual molecules based on the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. VSEPR Theory posits that the geometric arrangement of a molecule or a polyatomic ion’s electron … Read more
Alkali metals are defined as a group of elements in the periodic table that share similar properties, characterized by their highly reactive nature and tendency to lose their outermost electron to form a +1 cation. In other words, Alkali metals are elements that belong to Group 1(a) of the periodic table. Their name derives from the fact that … Read more
Elements in the periodic table are arranged by increasing atomic weight, with each element provided with a chemical symbol used in place of the element’s full name. The periodic table is further arranged into rows and columns known as periods and groups. Periods and groups are characterized by similarities in physical and chemical properties. Alkaline … Read more
Hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds having a general formula R−C−N−R’ bearing the functional group −C−N−, where R and R’ are typically organyl groups or hydrogen. They are amides wherein the nitrogen atom has a hydroxyl substituent. They are often used as metal chelators. They are more acidic than amides due to the … Read more
Barium hydroxide, also known as baryta, is a chemical compound with the formula Ba(OH)2. It has a unique structure that influences its properties and behavior. In its solid state, barium hydroxide crystallizes as an octahydrate, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, which can be converted to the monohydrate by heating in air. The octahydrate form is a white crystalline solid. … Read more