Chemistry

Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) is an ionic compound formed by magnesium (Mg²⁺) and chlorine (Cl⁻) ions. It forms hydrates MgCl₂·nH₂O, where n can range from 1 to 12. These salts are colorless or white solids that are highly soluble in water. These compounds and their solutions, both of which occur in nature, have a variety of … Read more

Orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which forms four single bonds, the valence-shell s orbital combines with three valence-shell p orbitals to form four … Read more

Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula H₂S. It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) structural formula includes two atoms of hydrogen (H) covalently bonded to one atom of sulfur … Read more

A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, H 2CO 3, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO2−3. The word “carbonate” may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(−O−)2. To draw the Lewis structure for the carbonate ion (CO3^2-), follow these steps: Count the Total … Read more

Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NO⁻ ₃. Salts containing this ion are called nitrates. Nitrates are common components of fertilizers and explosives. Almost all inorganic nitrates are soluble in water. An example of an insoluble nitrate is bismuth oxynitrate. In the lewis structure, the single bonded oxygens all had 3 lone pairs, giving … Read more

Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula XeF ₂, and one of the most stable xenon compounds. Like most covalent inorganic fluorides it is moisture-sensitive. It decomposes on contact with water vapor, but is otherwise stable in storage. The XeF2 Lewis structure has 5 electron pairs. Out of these 2 electron pairs … Read more

Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl₃. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic and reacts readily with water to release hydrogen chloride. The molecular shape of PCl3 is trigonal pyramidal. In this configuration, … Read more

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) is a simple, yet interesting molecule when considering its hybridization and molecular structure. The hybridization of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) into sp hybrid orbitals on carbon allows for the molecule’s linear structure, facilitates the formation of strong sigma and pi bonds between carbon and nitrogen, and underpins its chemical reactivity and properties, crucial … Read more

The Lewis structure of HCN shows the arrangement of atoms and electrons in the molecule. The HCN molecule consists of three atoms: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N). The Lewis structure of HCN shows that the carbon atom is the central atom and is covalently bonded to both hydrogen and nitrogen atoms. The hydrogen … Read more