| Points of Comparison | Adaptive Immunity | Innate Immunity |
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| Description | This sort of immunity develops as we are exposed to infections or receive vaccinations. | Innate immunity is a type of immunity that is both universal and non-specific, and it is the initial line of defense against infections. |
| Components | Antibodies are the key components. | Toxic granules, for example, are antimicrobial peptides and proteins. |
| Cells | Antigen-presenting cells such as T cells, B cells, and others. | Macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, basophils, and eosinophils are all part of the immune system. |
| Response Time | Innate immunity has a slower response time (approx 1-2 weeks). | In most cases, the response time is minimal and the action is immediate. |
| Specificity | It has a high level of specificity and can distinguish between pathogen and non-pathogen structures, as well as minor changes in molecular structures. | Molecules and molecular patterns linked with generic infections or foreign particles are the only ones that are specific. |
| Presence | When the body is exposed to a foreign substance, it develops adaptive immunity. | Immunity that is already present in the body is known as innate immunity. |
| Nature | Adaptive immunity is not inherited because it is not passed down from parents to children. | Immunity that is inherited from parents and passed down to offspring is known as innate immunity. |
| Memory | The adaptive system can recall the infections it has previously faced. | When exposed to the same pathogen repeatedly, it is unable to react with the same potency. |
| Evolution | Only vertebrates have an adaptive immune mechanism, which was established lately. | It’s an ancient evolved response that can be found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. |
| Defence | Adaptive immunity is the second line of defense, and it kicks in when pathogens get past innate immunity’s defenses. | The initial line of defense against antigens entering the body is innate immunity. |
| Diversity | It is quite diverse and may be tailored to identify epitopes and antigenic determinants through genetic recombination. | It has a limited range of diversity. Standard receptors are employed, and they only recognize antigen patterns. To adapt the immune response, no new receptors are created. |
| Nature | Adaptive immunity can be induced. | Innate immunity can’t be induced. It isn’t generated in reaction to the presence of its substrate, in other words. |
| Ability | Adaptive immunity has the power to combat a certain infection. | Innate immunity defends the body against all infections and antigens. |
| Examples | Adaptive immune systems can “remember” diseases like chicken pox. As a result, the chances of developing the sickness are considerably reduced. | An example of innate immunity at work is a cut on the skin that leads in edoema and inflammation. |