The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxides as well. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritional value and are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein … Read more
Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg(OH)₂. It occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It is a white solid with low solubility in water. Magnesium hydroxide is a common component of antacids, such as milk of magnesia. Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) Structure The structure of magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂, can be described … Read more
Magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulphate is a chemical compound, a salt with the formula MgSO₄, consisting of magnesium cations Mg²⁺ and sulfate anions SO2−4. It is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water but not in ethanol. Magnesium sulfate is generally considered environmentally friendly, especially when compared to other salts like magnesium chloride for de-icing, … Read more
Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) is an ionic compound formed by magnesium (Mg²⁺) and chlorine (Cl⁻) ions. It forms hydrates MgCl₂·nH₂O, where n can range from 1 to 12. These salts are colorless or white solids that are highly soluble in water. These compounds and their solutions, both of which occur in nature, have a variety of … Read more
Orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which forms four single bonds, the valence-shell s orbital combines with three valence-shell p orbitals to form four … Read more
Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula H₂S. It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) structural formula includes two atoms of hydrogen (H) covalently bonded to one atom of sulfur … Read more
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, H 2CO 3, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO2−3. The word “carbonate” may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(−O−)2. To draw the Lewis structure for the carbonate ion (CO3^2-), follow these steps: Count the Total … Read more
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NO⁻ ₃. Salts containing this ion are called nitrates. Nitrates are common components of fertilizers and explosives. Almost all inorganic nitrates are soluble in water. An example of an insoluble nitrate is bismuth oxynitrate. In the lewis structure, the single bonded oxygens all had 3 lone pairs, giving … Read more
Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula XeF ₂, and one of the most stable xenon compounds. Like most covalent inorganic fluorides it is moisture-sensitive. It decomposes on contact with water vapor, but is otherwise stable in storage. The XeF2 Lewis structure has 5 electron pairs. Out of these 2 electron pairs … Read more